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Colorectal Case 22

Prof. Yasushi Sano

Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan

Sano Hospital, Kobe, Japan
Procedure Information


Scope: CF-EZ1500 DI

Case Findings: 0-Is (submucosal invasive carcinoma), 11mm, JNET 2B

Histology: Well to moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, pT1b (SM2, 3600 µm invasion), ly0, v0, pHM0, pVM0. After ESD, no recurrence was found at 3-year follow-up.

Organ: Rectum

Patient information: Female, 81 y.o.

Medical history: Melena

1. WL

WL observation shows a protruding, reddened lesion. At first glance, the surface appears smooth. Chicken skin spots are seen around the lesion.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : NA
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : On

2. WL

Red dilated blood vessels are observed on the surface.

Enhancement: A8
NBI mode: NA
TXI Mode: NA
RDI Mode: NA
BAI-MAC: On

3. NBI

On NBI observation, the tumor is recognized as a tumor presenting an irregular surface.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : On
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : On

4. NBI

NBI close observation revealed irregular surface structures and irregular vascular patterns.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : On (mode 3)
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : On

5. NBI with magnification

Irregular vessels of uneven caliber and irregular surface structures are seen (JNET 2B).

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : On
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : On

6. Chromoendoscopy

The surface shows irregular pit patten (Kudo‘s Vi pit).

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : NA
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : On

7. Crystal violet

Crystal violet staining shows an oval or tubular irregular pits on the whole surface of the tumor.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : NA
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : On

8. Crystal violet

It is diagnosed as Kudo's Vi pit pattern.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : NA
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : On

9. Endocytoscopy

Crystal violet, methylene blue mixed staining. Unclear gland formation and agglomeration of distorted nuclei strongly stained with methylene blue is observed. The findings are suspicious of SM infiltration.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : NA
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : NA

10. ESD procedure

The patient preferred endoscopic treatment as she was elderly (81 years) and the lesion was located in the rectum. Therefore, ESD was performed.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : NA
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : NA

11. En bloc resection

En bloc resection was completed.

Enhancement : A8
NBI Mode : NA
TXI Mode : NA
RDI Mode : NA
BAI-MAC : NA

12. Histology (low power)

Histopathology was negative for margins and a diagnosis of complete local resection was made.

13. Histology (high power)

The pathological diagnosis was well to moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, pT1b (SM2, 3600 µm invasion), ly0, v0, pHM0, pVM0.

Case Video

Video 1: Observation by WL, NBI

Video 2: Observation by chromoendoscopy with Indigo carmine and Crystal violet staining

Video 3: Endocytoscopy (x520)

Overall Comment

This case was an early-stage cancer (SM cancer) of type 0-Is. At first glance, it appeared to be an intramucosal carcinoma on WL, but it presented JNET 2B on NBI. In Japan, dye endoscopic observation is recommended for JNET 2B lesions 1). In this case, crystal violet observation was added, and a diagnosis of SM carcinoma was made with Vi type pits in all areas 2). Endocytoscopy also showed EC3b, which was suspicious of SM invasion 3). ESD was performed at the patient’s desire and three years have passed without evidence of recurrence.

 

1. Iwatate M, Sano Y, et al. Validation study for development of the Japan NBI Expert Team classification of colorectal lesions. Dig Endosc. 2018 Sep;30(5):642-651.

2. Matsuda T, Fujii T, et al. Efficacy of the invasive/non-invasive pattern by magnifying chromoendoscopy to estimate the depth of invasion of early colorectal neoplasms. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Nov;103(11):2700-6.

3. Kudo SE, Wakamura et al. Diagnosis of colorectal lesions with a novel endocytoscopic classification – a pilot study. Endoscopy. 2011 Oct;43(10):869-75.

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